Guides détaillés sur le risque hydrique des villes européennes.
Analyse approfondie du risque hydrique pour les villes européennes — tendances de sécheresse, historique des inondations, infrastructure d'approvisionnement et la science derrière ce que les 30 prochaines années réservent.
Water risk in Bucharest: a 30-year outlook
Why the Argeș basin matters, what the data says about drought through 2050, and how it ranks against other European capitals.
7 min de lectureLireDrought trends in Murcia and the Spanish southeast
The Segura basin already runs at 121% of natural recharge. What the next two decades look like — and what residents are actually experiencing.
8 min de lectureLireAmsterdam below the waterline: what climate change means for the Netherlands' lowest city
A quarter of Amsterdam sits below sea level. Here is what Deltares projections say about flood risk, subsidence, and how the city is engineering its way forward.
7 min de lectureLireMilan and the Po Valley: Italy's most important water crisis
The Po carries a third of Italy's freshwater. Its flow has fallen 40% since 1970. What this means for Milan's taps, its aquifer, and the communities that depend on both.
6 min de lectureLireVienna's Alpine springs: why Europe's best tap water faces a slow squeeze
Vienna draws its water from two mountain spring systems over 100 km away. Climate-driven snowpack loss is beginning to affect seasonal flow — and the implications compound over decades.
6 min de lectureLirePrague and the Vltava: reading the flood record before you buy
The 2002 and 2013 floods remain the benchmark. New defenses protect the historic center — but what changed, what didn't, and where the next 30 years of risk actually concentrates.
7 min de lectureLireLisbon and the Tagus: drought, the Atlantic buffer, and what comes next
Portugal looks wet on the map. But the Tagus basin has been in multi-year drought since 2017, the south is drying structurally, and Lisbon is more exposed than its mild reputation suggests.
7 min de lectureLireSpain in 2026: a record winter rebound, but a stubborn southeast
After two years of drought emergency, Spain entered 2026 with reservoirs at 77 % nationally — the strongest reading in over a decade. Here is what the data says, why the southeast still trails, and what it means for property buyers.
6 min de lectureLireRomania in 2026: three dry years, a slow recovery, and a country reshaping its water plan
After three of the driest years on record, Romania entered 2026 with depleted groundwater in the north-east, recovering river flows, and a national water plan being rewritten under EU pressure. Here is what the public record says.
6 min de lectureLireItaly in 2026: Alpine snow deficit shadows the Po, Lake Garda fills up
Italy enters 2026 with a 58 % Alpine snow-water-equivalent deficit looming over the Po basin and Lake Garda back near 78 %. Here is what the data shows — and why the country's water story splits sharply between north and south.
6 min de lectureLireFrance in 2026: a healthier groundwater map, but a fragile Mediterranean south
France entered spring 2026 with 62 % of its monitored aquifers above the monthly norm, the strongest reading since 2021 — yet the Mediterranean strip, the Pyrenees and corn-belt aquifers remain the watch points heading into summer.
6 min de lectureLireGermany in 2026: a Rhine that keeps testing the limits, and a flood-vs-drought split nobody planned
Germany's water story split sharply over the past decade — low-flow Rhine summers hitting industry from the west, devastating Ahr-style floods from the east. Here is what the public record says and where the planning baseline now sits.
6 min de lectureLireGreece in 2026: Mornos tripled in six months, but the structural crisis is not over
Athens' main reservoir went from 15-year low to almost-full between October 2025 and April 2026 — yet EYDAP and the government still describe the underlying water crisis as a multi-year structural problem. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLirePortugal in 2026: a record-rich winter even reaches the Algarve, but Alentejo lags
Mainland Portugal entered 2026 with reservoirs at 95 % of capacity — the strongest reading in modern records — and the Algarve, historically the most stressed region, finally exceeded the national average. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireThe Netherlands in 2026: the Afsluitdijk completes, and sea-level rise becomes the planning baseline
The reinforced Afsluitdijk finishes commissioning in 2026, the IJsselmeer's discharge and pumping capacity grow significantly, and Dutch water managers shift from "if" to "how fast" on sea-level rise. Here is the picture.
6 min de lectureLireCzechia in 2026: a "rooftop of Europe" hydrology that depends entirely on what falls from the sky
Czechia is one of the few EU members whose major rivers all originate within its borders — Vltava, Elbe, Morava, Dyje, Odra — so national water security is unusually sensitive to precipitation and snow stock. Here is what 2026 looks like.
6 min de lectureLireHungary in 2026: a missing year of rain, Lake Balaton sliding, and an upstream-dependent system
Hungary's National Water Directorate (OVF) describes the country as missing nearly a year of rainfall accumulated over the past five. Lake Balaton is on a steep summer drawdown and the Tisza basin is again the focus of emergency water-management planning.
6 min de lectureLirePoland in 2026: hydrological drought in seven zones, Vistula at record lows, EU pressure on the Oder
Polish Waters and IMGW report low water levels at half of Vistula gauges and formal hydrological drought across seven basin zones. Brussels has opened proceedings against Poland over the Oder. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireThe UK in 2026: 14 of 17 water companies in formal drought, Ardingly headed for summer trouble
England entered May 2026 with the South East and East Anglia at "High" drought risk and Ardingly reservoir at 64 % — the lowest of any major UK reservoir. Here is the structured picture from the Environment Agency and government bulletins.
6 min de lectureLireAustria in 2026: an April drought, hydropower at a historic low, and "peak water" by 2040
April 2026 was one of the four driest Aprils in Austria since 1858, run-of-river hydropower hit a historic daily low in January, and glaciologists describe Alpine "peak water" as arriving by 2040. Here is the structured picture.
6 min de lectureLireBelgium in 2026: the highest water stress in northern Europe, two regions, one squeezed system
Flanders and Wallonia together produce Belgium's anomaly: a north-European country pulling more than 80 % of renewable supply each year. Here is what the data says and how the regions are responding.
6 min de lectureLireBulgaria in 2026: a deepening water crisis, 60% leakage, and Iskar under pressure
More than 260,000 Bulgarians across 16 cities live under formal water rationing, the country has the EU's highest distribution-network leakage at roughly 60%, and the Iskar reservoir that supplies most of Sofia is being closely watched. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireSweden in 2026: water-rich on paper, but Skåne is going into summer thin
Sweden's national water profile is comfortable; its southern region is not. Two consecutive years of low rainfall have produced record-low groundwater readings across Skåne and put Götaland into watch territory. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireIreland in 2026: Dublin's supply bottleneck, a €6 billion Shannon pipeline, and drought across the south
The River Liffey supplies 85 % of greater Dublin's drinking water with no realistic fallback, multiple counties are in drought status, and Uisce Éireann's €6 billion Shannon pipeline is the largest water-infrastructure proposal in Irish history. Here is the picture.
6 min de lectureLireDenmark in 2026: 100 % groundwater dependence meets a contamination problem
Denmark draws almost all of its drinking water from groundwater, and a 2026 ministry analysis found pesticide residues in more than half of monitored boreholes. The contamination issue has become an election-defining political question. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireFinland in 2026: 187,888 lakes — and a southern groundwater deficit nobody expected
Finland's reputation as a land of abundant water is intact at national level. But sparse snow cover and an early dry spring have pushed southern groundwater levels 20–75 cm below average and large lakes into an exceptionally low summer position.
6 min de lectureLireCroatia in 2026: a karst country, a Sava on a 30-year slide, and a coastal-supply problem
Croatia's water-resource map is dominated by karst geography (no surface water across roughly 40 % of the country), a long Adriatic coastline under tourism demand, and a Sava river whose minimum levels have dropped 200 cm in the last thirty years. Here is the picture.
6 min de lectureLireSlovakia in 2026: 39 % of the country in extreme drought, a Danube-dependent supply
By 5 May 2026, 38.7 % of Slovak territory was in extreme drought — sharply worse than 2025 and well above the seven-year baseline. Here is what SHMÚ and the agricultural data show.
6 min de lectureLireSlovenia in 2026: a karst country whose hydropower took a 45 % hit, and a long-term watercourse rebuild
About 40 % of Slovenia is karst with almost no surface water. The 2022 drought cut Soča hydropower by 45 %, Drava by 31 %, and lower Sava by 39 %. The 2022–2026 watercourse-management programme commits €772 million. Here is the picture.
6 min de lectureLireCyprus in 2026: dam inflows at a 125-year low, desalination at 235,000 m³/day, and a €196 million crisis budget
Cyprus entered 2026 with reservoir storage at 13.7 % of capacity, dam inflows at their lowest since records began in 1901, and a €196 million government allocation to combat the crisis. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireMalta in 2026: a mean-sea-level aquifer losing 3.3 million m³/year, and a tap that depends on the sea
Malta's primary aquifer is losing more water than rainfall returns, all groundwater bodies fail EU nitrate limits, and desalination already provides the majority of drinking water. The Energy & Water Agency and ERA are drafting new regulation. Here is the data.
6 min de lectureLireEstonia in 2026: a Baltic country with abundant water and a quiet structural shift
Estonia is one of the most water-rich countries in the EU on baseline metrics, with declining peak-flood discharges and intact lake systems. The watch points are agricultural nitrate, peatland-aquifer trade-offs, and gradually shifting seasonal patterns.
5 min de lectureLireLatvia in 2026: water-rich on paper, but a transboundary Daugava and shifting flood timing
Latvia's water resources are abundant by EU standards. The structural watch points are transboundary management of the Daugava (Russia, Belarus, Latvia) and an observed shift in spring-flood patterns across the Baltic.
5 min de lectureLireLithuania in 2026: a Nemunas-dominated system, four documented droughts in three decades
Lithuania's water system is anchored on the Nemunas (Neman) basin and shaped by Baltic climate patterns. Four drought events in the last 30 years reached natural-disaster classification, and spring-flood magnitudes are now in measured decline.
5 min de lectureLireLuxembourg in 2026: a small country, one reservoir, and a Moselle that travels far
Luxembourg's water system is small but well-managed: the Upper Sûre reservoir, groundwater wells, and a Moselle that crosses three countries. Per-capita demand is among the highest in the EU, making efficiency the country's main lever.
5 min de lectureLire